Saturday 25 January 2014
Life on a Plate
In 2013, we discovered that horse meat, sometimes as high as 80%, had been added to our food. People were shocked and outraged. Cheap burgers and meat products were removed from supermarket shelves and even the 'reputable' supermarkets found they were not immune from the scandal as expensive ready meals were tested and found to contain meat from more than one animal.
None of these products would have harmed or killed us outright - indeed in many countries, horses are slaughtered for the table. It was the deception, and the realization that we had less control over the contents of what we put on our plate that caused such anxiety.
In Victorian times, food was adulterated to a far more dangerous extent. There was no Food Standards Agency, no Inspectors to discover and prosecute the offenders. Reading what was found in some everyday foodstuffs, I am amazed that people survived as long as they did! (And that's apart from the lack of universal refrigeration which made meat go ''off'' very quickly in the Summer months).
OK, those with weak stomachs .... do not read on.
* Sulphate of iron was added to tea and beer.
* Wine and cider both contained lead.
* Milk was frequently adulterated with chalk and watered down.
* Coffee was mixed with acorns.
* Sugar was mixed with sand.
* Gloucester cheese had red lead added to give it that distinctive colour.
* Butter, bread and gin all contained copper.
* Red lead was also used to colour red sweets.
Like today, street food played a large part in the Victorian diet. In each of my Victorian Detective novels I write about an elderly couple who ran a coffee stall. There were lots of these all over London as most offices and places of business did not have a canteen. As well as coffee, they sold bread and butter and ham sandwiches, which were a Victorian favourite. Amazingly there were whole stalls devoted entirely to ham sandwiches. Street stalls also sold soup and baked potatoes in winter months.
Seasonal food appeared on the streets as the year progressed. Watercress, strawberries and cherries were often sold by small girls, who turned up at Covent Garden in the very early morning to buy them. Muffins were sold by muffin men who rang their bells to announce their presence. Anybody apart from me remember the children's song: ''Have you heard the Muffin man ...who lives down Drury Lane''? Roast chestnuts were sold in paper twists off a brazier in the colder weather, as was cat's meat ...which was sometimes bought for human consumption as it was cheaper than butcher's meat.
In 1860, the government passed the Food and Drugs Act in an attempt to stamp out widespread food adulteration, but although the quality of food gradually improved, there was still no means of checking the street vendors or mass suppliers. Ring any bells? In 1868, machine produced tins of food began to appear for the first time on grocers' shelves. And of course, that opened up a whole new can of worms ...
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Can of worms - now there's a thought! Very interesting Carol : ))
ReplyDeleteTinned mutton was supplied to the navy in the 1870's. It was horrible and known colloquially as ''Sweet Fanny Adams' after a woman murdered by her lover. This is where the expression comes from ....
ReplyDeleteErm. Did the Victorians eat escargots? Or was that strictly deuxieme empire? Entertaining post, as always.
ReplyDeleteThey ate anything ..so yes they did. Not Roman ones..
DeleteSo not much has changed then. They were just more obvious about it in those days, and I'm guessing much of it tasted horrible! Great post, CarolStar!!
ReplyDeleteIn defense of the Victorians they were not as aware of the dangers of eating copper etc as we are today. If they could get away with sweeping up the factory floor and adding it to the tea then why not?! On the other hand, who knows how many more Victorians would have survived into old age had the laws been as stringent as today and had they known about the very real dangers of such adulteration... off my soapbox now! Can of worms! Love it!
ReplyDeleteThey must have had perennial stomach ache ..and then there was the other end --with all those lavish banquets with multiple course...
DeleteIn banquets didn't they eat until they were sick and then start again or am I getting mixed up with the Romans?
DeleteI think it was Romans ...
DeleteIn some cases they were aware of the dangers, though. There's a great story of a toxicologist who found flecks green paint on his loaf of bread and saw that the baker had had his shelves painted green. (Green was made with arsenic.) He asked the painter, do you realise that you're painting a food storage surface with stuff that contains poison, and the painter said yes, he did, "but without arsenic it is impossible to get a good green".
DeleteWasn't Napoleon supposed to be poisoned by his wallpaper? Some enlightened peoplle GOT it, John Snow, Ignatz Semmelweiss ..the rest went with miasma and bad digestion!! Mind - I gather we have another 'horsemeat'' scandal brewing..
DeleteIt's not fun to think that there might have been REAL Sweeny Todd's out there, but... heheh
ReplyDeleteWe must all have evolved to have massively strong constitutions, since we are descended from those who regularly ate copper, put arsenic on their faces and drank sewage-laden water! I think, these days, people are a bit fussy about their food unnecessarily. Or maybe I'm just saying that because my cat licks the butter dish and I pretend not to notice...
ReplyDeleteMine swigs the water on my bedside table. Same system..
DeleteWould hate to go back to those dangerous times and despair of people bemoaning our health and safety regulations. Still I do love street food around the world… And I can remember the song about the muffin man!
ReplyDeleteHooray!!! Not just me then......
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